QuikRead go CRP+Hb

Accurate measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) can be critical in the management of a patient with symptoms of an infection. The QuikRead go CRP+Hb test helps to identify patients who benefit from antibiotics and it is valuable in monitoring the treatment outcome. The easy to use QuikRead go CRP+Hb test can be used near the patient and it provides immediate CRP and hemoglobin result.

Hemoglobin measurement gives important information about the patient’s condition in both acute and basic healthcare settings. Changes in hemoglobin concentrations can be seen in several medical conditions which make hemoglobin measurement one of the most commonly used diagnostic test.

QuikRead go CRP+Hb is an efficient tool for point of care settings to guide the treatment decisions of healthcare professionals.

QuikRead go CRP+Hb provides reliable and fast results

One fast analysis – two results

• A single analysis provides both CRP and hemoglobin results
• Combined analysis time 2 minutes
• Performed on a finger-prick blood sample. Venous blood, plasma, or serum can also be used
• CRP measuring range 5 - 200 mg/l and hemoglobin 50 - 245 g/l
• Provides more information for making treatment decisions

Patient friendly

• Single sample collection minimises patient discomfort

Easy to use

• No manual steps
• Automatic hematocrit correction for CRP results

QuikRead go multianalyte point of care system

• Portable instrument and fully automatic testing procedure
• Bi-directional connectivity to most HIS and LIS systems

Test results should never be used alone, without a complete clinical evaluation.

QuikRead go CRP+Hb is not registered in the USA.

CRP aids clinical management of patients with infections or inflammatory conditions

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase plasma protein present in healthy individuals at low concentrations. The median CRP level of healthy people is usually < 0.8 mg/l¹ but the concentration increases fast during bacterial infection, being able to go up to hundreds of mg/l. Bacterial infections and inflammatory conditions stimulate the production of CRP in the liver. From the initial stimulus, CRP levels become detectable in 4-6 hours and peak in 36-48 hours^2,3. CRP production is proportional to the intensity of infection and inflammation. Therefore, it is useful in the evaluation of disease severity. In bacterial infections, CRP may increase relatively high, above 100 mg/l. Viral and self-limiting bacterial infections cause only a minor elevation or not elevation at all. In inflammatory conditions, CRP levels may increase to moderate level, usually being between 10-40 mg/l. When the patient starts responding to treatment, the immune system overcomes the pathogen itself, or the inflammatory stimulus starts settling, CRP levels decrease rapidly back to normal with a half-life of 19h^1,2.

Accurate and precise CRP point of care testing is helpful in the clinical management of patients with infection and in optimizing antibiotic prescribing. The short analytical time and a small sample volume of CRP point of care tests offer a substantial benefit compared to the laboratory CRP test. When used together with the clinical examination of a patient, QuikRead go CRP tests are excellent tools in the following situations:

• differentiation of bacterial and viral infections
• decreasing diagnostic uncertainty and guiding appropriate antibiotic prescribing in acute infections^4,5
• evaluation, monitoring, and prediction of the infection course, inflammation and treatment response^6-8
• ruling out severe bacterial infection⁹

References

1. Shine, B et al. Solid phase radioimmunoassays for C-reactive protein. Clin. Chim. Acta 1981; 117:13–23.
2. Vigushin DM, Pepys MB, Hawkins PN. Metabolic and scintigraphic studies of radioiodinated human C-reactive protein in health and disease. J Clin Invest 1993; 91(4): 1351-1357.
3. Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest 2003; 111(12): 1805-1812.
4. Markanday A. Acute Phase Reactants in Infections: Evidence-Based Review and a Guide for Clinicians. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2(3): ofv098.
5. Little P et al. Effects of internet-based training on antibiotic prescribing rates for acute respiratory-tract infections: a multinational, cluster, randomised, factorial, controlled trial. Lancet 2013; 382(9899): 1175-1182.
6. Tonkin-Crane SKG et al. Clinician-targeted interventions to influence antibiotic prescribing behaviour for acute respiratory infections in primary care: an overview of systematic reviews (Review). Cohcrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017; 7(9): CD012252.
7. Bruns AH et al. Usefulness of consecutive C-reactive protein measurements in follow-up of severe community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2008; 32(3): 726-732.
8. Verhagen DW et al. Prognostic value of serial C-reactive protein measurements in left-sided native valve endocarditis. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168(3): 302-307.
9. Emery P. Evidence-based review of biologic markers as indicators of disease progression and remission in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2007; 27(9): 793-806.

Hemoglobin is the molecule which contains iron and transports oxygen in the blood. It binds oxygen in the lungs, transports it to tissues and returns carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. Hemoglobin has an important role in the body’s iron cycle and it contains most of the functional iron in the body.

If a patient has anemia the blood hemoglobin or red blood cell concentration is below recommended levels. Anemia has many different causes but iron deficiency, which causes iron deficiency anemia, is the most common cause in the Western world. It should be remembered that anemia is more of a symptom than a disease. Hemoglobin tests may help diagnose anemia but the cause of anemia has to be investigated.

References

• Dacie and Lewis. Practical Haematology, 11^th edition, 2012.
• HoffBrand and Pettit. Essential Haematology, 3^rd edition, 1997.
• Ruutu. Rajamäki, Lassila, Porkka. Veritaudit, 3^rd edition, 2007.

Regular use of QuikRead go Controls is recommended.

Recommended Controls:

• 153764 QuikRead go CRP Control (~25 mg/l with blue colour)
• 153763 QuikRead go CRP Control High (~75 mg/l with blue colour)
• 141154 QuikRead go Hb Control

Antibiotics are a cornerstone of the management of bacterial infections. 80 - 90% of antibiotics are prescribed in primary care, and up to 80% of these are used to treat acute respiratory tract infections¹. It is estimated that approximately 50% of all antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary². Although most of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections are self-limiting and caused by viruses, antibiotics are frequently used to treat these conditions. Unnecessary and inappropriate use of antibiotics favours the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern, which could cause harm to a large number of patients worldwide if infections are no longer susceptible to common medicines used to treat them. Therefore, antibiotics should be used with caution and only when necessary³.

The use of antibiotics in primary care varies considerably between countries, which is unlikely to be caused by differences in the frequency of bacterial infections. There is a clear correlation between the use of antibiotics and the emergence of antibiotic resistance^4-6. As stated by the World Health Organization (WHO)³, restricting an inappropriate and excessive antibiotic use is important to slow down or even reverse the development of antibiotic resistance.

The QuikRead go CRP test helps healthcare professionals to identify those patients who need - and particularly those who do not need - antibiotic therapy. It is also important to know whether the antibiotics will affect the course of the illness^7,8. QuikRead go CRP is useful for following up the effect of treatment. With accurate information, patients can be more easily reassured that symptomatic treatment will be sufficient. On the other hand, a high QuikRead go CRP reading would suggest a bacterial infection requiring antibiotic treatment.

1. Goossens HF, M.; Vander, S.R.; Elseviers, M. Outpatient antibiotics use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study. Lancet 2005; 365:579-587.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States 2013.
3. World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance 2014.
4. Goossens H. Antibiotic consumption and link to resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15 Suppl 3:12-15.
5. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Antimicrobial consumption. Annual epidemiological report for 2016. Stockholm, 2018.
6. Bronzwaer SLAM, Cars O, Buchholz U et al. A European study on the relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. Emerging infectious diseases 2002; 8:278-282.
7. Bruns AH, Oosterheert JJ, Hak E, Hoepelman AI. Usefulness of consecutive C-reactive protein measurements in follow-up of severe community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:726-732.
8. Coelho L, Povoa P, Almeida E et al. Usefulness of C-reactive protein in monitoring the severe community-acquired pneumonia clinical course. Crit Care 2007; 11:R92.

Marketing and sales materials

QuikRead go CRP and CRP+Hb Brief Instructions (EN)

QuikRead go Family Brochure (EN)

QuikRead go Technical Specifications (EN)

QuikRead go Control Information (EN)

Instructions for Fingertip Blood Collection (EN)

Stories

Targeted antibiotic use in primary healthcare (EN)

Videos

Instructions for use

(For informative use only. Kindly always refer to the latest package insert in the kit.)

QuikRead go CRP+Hb IFU (FI, SE, NO, DK), 140066

QuikRead go CRP+Hb IFU (GB, DE, FR, IT), 140068

QuikRead go CRP+Hb IFU (CZ, SK, HU, PL), 140068

QuikRead go CRP+Hb IFU (ES, PT, NL, GB), 140068

QuikRead go CRP+Hb IFU (SI, RS, HR, GR), 140068

QuikRead go CRP Controls IFU (GB, DE, FR, ES, IT, CZ, HU, PL, SK, NL, EE, LT, SE, NO, DK, FI), 153765, 153764, 153763

QuikRead go Hb Control IFU (GB, DE, FR, ES, IT, CZ, HU, PL, SK, SI, SE, NO, DK, FI), 141154

Safety Data Sheet

QuikRead go CRP+Hb SDS (EN) 140066, 140067, 140068

QuikRead go CRP Control SDS (EN) 153764

QuikRead go CRP Control High SDS (EN) 153763

QuikRead go Hb Control SDS (EN) 141154

I opened the lid of a cuvette but I did not use the cuvette immediately. How long is the cuvette usable?

You should use the cuvette within 2 hours of opening it.

Can I use CRP controls with the QuikRead go CRP+Hb test kit?

Yes, you can use the same CRP controls with the QuikRead go CRP and QuikRead go CRP+Hb tests. The target values are valid for both tests.

Do I get a hemoglobin result automatically from every measurement if I use QuikRead go CRP+Hb test?

Yes, you automatically get both CRP and hemoglobin results each time from whole blood samples. If plasma or serum samples are used, you only receive a CRP result. This is because plasma and serum samples do not contain red blood cells and, therefore, do not contain hemoglobin.

Is it enough to take only one capillary sample (not two replicates) to get a reliable hemoglobin result?

We have evaluated the difference between parallel samples with the QuikRead go CRP+Hb test and we do not see any need for two or more parallel samples. The Hb results received with the QuikRead go CRP+Hb test are comparable to laboratory results and to the gold standard methods, and they require a single sample only. It is always important to pay attention to proper sampling technique.